Descriptive Essay About Seneca Rocks - 1285 Words

Somewhere Among the Hills Among the Blue-Ridge Mountains in West Virginia, Seneca Rocks remains a place that values preservation of nature, its history, a family-oriented environment, and the safety and well-being of those who visit. I have visited Seneca Rocks at least three times in my 18 years and it is a very common place in my hometown, therefore, my personal experience helps me determine its values. â€Å"Seneca Rocks is a bare white sandstone sheet of rocks with sheer cliffs, towering 900 feet above the surrounding valley in the Allegheny Mountains in West Virginia’s Panhandle. This giant slab of rocks has been there for 440 million years. The rock sits along U.S Route 33 and is about 34 miles east of Elkins.† (Bob Downing, Akron†¦show more content†¦Whetsell.† (Bob Downing, Akron Beacon Journal (MCT) â€Å"West Virginia was chosen for this training school because of the terrain was similar to Italy and its Apennine Mountains which was where the soldiers were headed next. Roughly 180 men and officers went through this school every two weeks to learn alpine combat techniques. The training included easy rock scrambling to extreme tension with pitons. It also included the use of assault ropes and pulleys. Each group made two tactical night climbs on unfamiliar rocks. (Bob Downing, Akron Beacon Journal (MCT) â€Å"Those who participated in this school camped along the river north of Seneca Rocks. Each climbing instructor had a total of ten men to train. At the end of the first week the instructor had to drop the weakest climbers and the remaining six got an additional week of advanced climbing.† (Bob Downing, Akron Beacon Journal (MCT) Most people don’t know this history lesson of Seneca Rocks. â€Å"Climbers today have still come across rusting soft-iron pitons that were hammered into the Tuscarora quartzite. This isn’t surprising considering more than 75,000 pitons were reportedly installed on Seneca Rocks by the soldier climbers in 1943-1944. One area at Seneca Rocks has been dubbed the Face of Thousand Pitons.† (Bob Downing, Akron Beacon Journal (MCT) Another key value to Seneca Rocks is having a family-oriented environment. It is a very popular tourist attraction, especially in the summerShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesEnvironment 22 †¢ Improving Ethical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint Lost

The United States Health Care System Essay - 1905 Words

The United States health care system is lacking the needs to create a reliable system to achieve quality, access, cost, and educate for the consumers. Despite the efforts of the government to find a common ground to meet the standard for the societies, the system has yet to have a major improvement. These issues must be reexamined to fix the broken system. The United States health care expenditure is another issue that needs to be addressed to achieve the future goals of the healthcare system in the United States. Healthcare societies will need to interact differently by incorporating consumer’s empowerment, technology, and education to meet the future goals of the health care system. Also, the consumer must be highly educated on the purpose of preventive care to lower the risk of chronic diseases which account for a lot health care spending. The process of correcting the United States health care system will take time and effort from all individual to achieve greatness. What is the perfect health care system and how to achieve that system? Unfortunately, we will never achieve what is considered the perfect health care system because we don’t proceed perfection as the same. Some may believe that a blue sky with a hint of sunlight is the perfect opportunity to embrace the use of Vitamin D, and others may believe it is too hot to be out. So, again the healthcare system will never be perfect, but we can try to incorporate all Americans with the decision-making process.Show MoreRelatedThe United States Health Care System1369 Words   |  6 Pagesplans for the United States health care system. The United States health care system has been in need of adjustment for years, with prices being paid over double per capita compared to other countries. While they have some similar views on current issues, there are drastic differences in the candidates’ ideas for change. To begin, Bernie Sanders, a Democratic candidate, believes that health care in the United States is a human right regardless of a person’s income. Universal health care is a foundationRead MoreThe United States Health Care System1449 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States health care system is the most expensive in the world. It spends more than 16% of its gross domestic product (GDP) on health care, (the highest per person in the world), but ranks behind most countries on many measures of health outcomes, quality, and efficiency. In 2012, over 47 million people were un-insured and millions were under-insured⠁ ´. The cost of health care is rising at least twice as fast as the rate of economic growth. Major companies are passing more of the cost ofRead MoreThe Quality Of Care Of The United States Health Care System2125 Words   |  9 PagesThe quality of care In the United States Health Care System, unlike a lot of people’s perceptions, is not the best in the worl d. In fact, Rose Ann DeMoro, the Executive Director of National Nurses United, Which happens to be the nation’s largest professional association and union for registered nurses, wrote in â€Å"How US Private Insurance Healthcare is Failing,† â€Å"A study published [in June 2011] from the university of Washington in collaboration with researchers at Imperial College London found lifeRead MoreThe Health Care System Of The United States As A Whole Essay1369 Words   |  6 Pagesthe health care system in the United States as a whole. Within this article, the subjects of health care that are reviewed are a) the US government’s position as the insurer for roughly 60 percent of the healthcare spending in the US via the public sector, b) the analysis of the funding for government health care programs such as Medicare, Medicall, and Medicaid and c) the programs in place for the health care of children and program administration for war veterans. The author discusses h ealth careRead MoreUnited States Health Care System Essay3779 Words   |  16 Pages17 Nov 2006 US Health Care System: Does the Public Get the Best Return vs. Investment The United States spends more of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on healthcare then any other industrialized country in the world and because of this one would think that the U.S. provides one of the top universal healthcare plans for all citizens without health insurance. Furthermore, the U.S.’s overall health system performance is 37 out of 191 (qtd in U.S. Census Bureau), obviously 37 out of 191 is horribleRead MoreComparing The Canadian And The United States Health Care System1151 Words   |  5 Pagesthe United States health care system. the first part of the paper will focus on describing each country health care system. The second part will focus on analyzing, evaluating and comparing these two countries system efficiency and benefits. The last part, is an overview of the recent policies changes and its effect (positive and negative) on each country citizens and proposed future reforms for better coverage in these countries. Canada health system Canada provides a national universal care thatRead MoreSafety Net Hospitals And The United States Health Care System903 Words   |  4 Pageshospitals have played an important role in the United States health care system. They provide a significant amount of care to low-income, uninsured, and vulnerable populations. While treating these types of populations, they are still able to provide high cost services such as trauma and burn care. They often take on additional roles and responsibilities such as the training of medical and nursing students (Coughlin et al., 2014). These hospital systems are well known for their open door policy (WynnRead MoreComparing The United States Health Care System With The Federal Republic Of Germany2322 Words   |  10 PagesTHE UNITED STATES HEALTH CARE SYSTEM WITH THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY During the past few decades in the United States, health care cost has been skyrocketing, and many people have lost their insurance as result of the high cost. Approximately 45 million American s are uninsured or they don’t have a real health care plan that can cover all their needs. Some Americans have the perception that even with coverage, cost and other problems in the system, the quality of the Healthcare System in theRead MoreThe Health Care System Of The United States857 Words   |  4 Pages 1.) Briefly describe the US Health Care system. Identify the people, professionals and organizations that have something to say about how health care is delivered -- and paid for -- in the US. The Health Care System in the United States is provided by many organizations. The Healthcare facilities are largely owned by private sector businesses. A large part of community hospitals are non-profit and government owned, and only a small percent is for profit. The non-profit hospitals include 60 toRead MoreThe Health Care System Of The United States1218 Words   |  5 PagesCurrently, The United States sits as the thirty-sixth best nation at delivering effective healthcare, and yet the US does so at over $8,200 per capita, more than two and half times the OECD average. This creates and incredibly paradoxical circumstance where â€Å"the most powerful, most innovative, and richest country [on] the plant† delivers on average one of the worst healthcare results among developed countries (Reid 28). Several countries including Canada, England, the Netherlands, France, and Germany

Compliance Standards Assurance and Audit †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Compliance Standards Assurance and Audit. Answer: Introduction: Scientific procedures to the financial report data of DIPL can help in building up the arrangement of review. This arrangement of review can be thought to be a specific rule that should be taken after at the season of undertaking the review. Specifically, this helps the auditor in keeping up expenses of review at a sensible level and helps with turning away misconstruing with the customer base. Systematic way to deal with the financial statements of the firm DIPL alludes to the procedure of dispersal of the data from the financial announcement of the firm. This procedure of assessment can be done by using an assortment of components. Be that as it may, by utilizing a scientific approach of breaking down financial statements, distinctive accountants and also financial experts can interpret data keeping in mind the end goal to help in landing at indispensable business choices. Explanatory approach of regular measuring helps in breaking down the financial revelations to a typical reference point. This thusly helps in contrasting the financial articulations as far as various timeframe or else as far as various organizations. Auditors can think about the diverse line of things said in the financial report, check their method for revealing. For instance, the method for enlisting things, for example, net resources or else net liabilities alongside proprietors' value in the financial revealing of the firm and the look at the deviation from the typical. Benchmarking that is viewed as a systematic method can be used for dissecting review design. Difference of genuine financial announcement from the benchmark helps in perceiving the deviation and helps with examining the reason for the recognized change to decide the underlying driver. Likewise, proportion examination can be considered as a proper logical approach that can be utilized for contrasting financial revelations and surveying design of review. Clarification of the way the outcomes impact arranging choices for the review The consequences of the arranging choices for the review arranging is essentially affected by the aftereffects of the investigative approach received for scattering data from the financial articulations. For instance, results of the proportion investigation to be specific, current proportion of the firm DIPL are ascertained to be 1.42 of every 2013, 1.46 of every 2014 and 1.5 out of 2015. Once more, productivity proportion that is the overall revenue ascertained to be 0.068 of every 2013, 0.60 of every 2014 and 0.06 of every 2015. This productivity proportion can uncover the state of the net wage earned by the firm when contrasted with the net offers of the firm DIPL (Duncan and Whittington 2014). Be that as it may, this also can help the auditor to comprehend whether costs are low or else high and whether the administration of the firm has the necessity to abridge spending plan and in the meantime exhausts of the firm. The ideal or else horrible changes in the proportion can be utilized as a factor of reference for appraisal/review of the soundness of the financial wellbeing and general financial state of the firm DIPL. Once more, for example, the utilization of dissolvability proportion figured to be 0.62 out of 2013, 0.44 out of 2014 and 0.21 of every 2015 aides in comprehension the alluring and in addition undesirable patterns in the financial state of the firm. Correspondingly, correlation of the proportion over the three year time frame can help in understanding whether the general stream of financial of the partnership is sufficiently sufficient to meet both the short and also long haul liabilities of the enterprise DIPL. The auditors can comprehend the relative position of the firm finished the three year time frame and dissect the factor that prompted the undesirable or else negative state of the partnership (Nalewaik and Mills 2016). Distinguishing proof of inalienable risk factors that emerge from nature of business operations of DIPL Accordingly, there are a few critical factors in evaluating that includes rate of material misquotes in the financial declarations of a particular concern. In any case, it can be therefore verify that there are diverse types of precise alongside unsystematic risks that mirror the path towards financial misquotes in the financial announcements of companies. In any case, the identified dangers may potentially be because of both financial and also non-financial variables that in the end can turn away a particular company for mirroring a valid and reasonable perspective of appropriate financial revelations. All things considered, an evaluator may maybe think that its requesting to distinguish certain risks. William Jret al. (2016) opines that recognized dangers may well be connected to various dangers related to exclusion alongside dangers of assorted blunders that is inconceivable for a particular clerk. Fundamentally, this can be viewed as the innate risk that may emerge from nature of business operations of DIPL. As indicated by the given research, it can be therefore verified that there are various exchanges that are especially discarded by the accountants generally the administration of the partnership DIPL. In any case, this can consecutively coordinate lead towards irregularities especially attributable to the incapable arranging of basically the advertising alongside deals exercises. Besides, assessment of the financial affirmations of the firm additionally uncovers the way that the firm has neglected to finish the favored benefit level from the income from deals (Hayes2014). Especially, this may be because of the administration disappointment of the firm in recognizable proof of particular prerequisites and resulting modification of the functionalities of the organization. In this way, it can be thus presumed that the business association has neglected to break down various smaller scales and additionally large scale financial aspects that may maybe be in presence as financial, politica l alongside social components. This is consequently reflected in the poor deals figure of the firm and prompted various inborn dangers (Arenset al. 2016). Aside from this, the specialists of the firm DIPL have additionally heightened the general innate dangers. Because of absence of experience and capability of workers in the organization, the inborn dangers of the partnership have raised considerably. This is on account of achievement of a particular business concern relies upon the competency of the individuals from the staff. The non-capable workforces can upgrade the characteristic dangers since they will undoubtedly confer mix ups for example, the blunders of prohibition that further leads the path towards the misquoted financial declarations (DeFond and Zhang 2014) Once more, other critical aspects that contribute towards the inalienable dangers can be classified into various areas particularly, natural alongside outer features, material misquotes in past periods alongside misrepresented activities. Distinctive ecological aspects that direct the route towards natural risk contains quick adjustments in which there may be issues related to valuation of stock, hardened rivalry in the non specific market alongside lack of satisfactory capital (Knechel and Salterio 2016). In addition, the organization additionally attempt material misquotes that may maybe coordinate towards intrinsic risk in the forthcoming time frame. Assessment of the present instance of DIPL mirrors the way that the complexities and also challenges engaged with the procedure of progression of CEO likewise includes inborn risk. Basically, progression of CEO can be thought to appear as something else and the hopefuls are to a great degree individual (Louwerset al. 2015). Notwithstanding, there are a few risks that are inborn during the time spent progression of CEO, nature of strategy of determination together effortlessly of change as process is taken care of. Along these lines, beginning of the procedure without consenting to the system, starting the procedure late, insufficient inclusion of the CEO and flight of applicants leaving the organization may potentially prompt natural risks. Investigation of the given case uncovers that the procedure of usage of the novel IT framework created certain issues. DIPL did insufficient number of staff to deal with the procedure of execution and establishment and do the compromise and in addition testing basically before the new game plan preceding the finish of the year. In this manner, this prompted the material misquote attributable to innate components that is fundamentally mistake or else exclusion in a particular financial assertion (Eilifsenet al. 2013). Moreover, the recording of the financial receipts by the fund experts of the organization may maybe prompt inalienable risks if not appropriately dealt with. The individuals from the staff need to take after an appropriate succession with the goal that records receivables are legitimately enrolled and debt claims record should be appropriately kept up. Moreover, the bank compromise additionally should be legitimately recorded consequently (Cannon and Bedard 2016). Once more, enrolling the income produced from the digital book, assessing republication of course readings if required in the up and coming period can prompt various natural dangers because of many-sided quality associated with the procedure. In addition, procedure of valuation of various crude material stocks at especially normal cost was not reasonable since the present cost of paper was impressively over the normal cost. Risk and way it may influence the risk of material misquote in the financial report The recognized inalienable risks can be considered as the helplessness of a specific attestation in relationship to material misquote. Over the top weight on representatives and administration: - Excessive workload on individuals from the staff of the partnership prompts poor accounting. This prompts certain ascribes in particular affinity to experience income issues, poor working results alongside poor liquidity (Barton and Bruder 2014). Risks of blunders or else off base distortion: - There remains unwavering quality and complexity inferable from dangers of mistakes and in addition deception at the same time. Uprightness of the whole administration: - Management of DIPL basically needs imperative trustworthiness and from there on they are likewise anticipated that would be set up for notoriety misfortune in the whole business group (Beasley 2015). Uncommon weight on administration: - Sometimes it happens that there exists a motivation for administration that prompts misstatement in the financial declarations (Barton and Bruder 2014). Nature of element business: - DIPL additionally prompts development to major financial alongside aggressive conditions. Once more, these features may influence the general inalienable danger of business substance for investigating review arranging structure in a compelling way (Beasley 2015). Identification and clarification of two key misrepresentation risk factors identifying with errors emerging from fake financial revealing ID and also clarification of misrepresentation risk identified with material error As misrepresentation risk prompts impressive misfortunes of benefits inferable from extortion. The disappointment of the workforce inferable from over the top workload of the representatives can incite them to include in extortion. Furthermore, desires from various speculators to report particular financial results or especially by administration to achieve particular execution targets prompts high misrepresentation risk. There likewise stays solid weight to proclaim particular financial results in an offer to turn away producing the assurances. The real misrepresentation risks that may happen attributable to the operations of the firm DIPL incorporate workforce takes part in false activities because of more elevated amount of disappointment of representatives. The given contextual investigation on the operations of DIPL notices that there stays colossal weight from especially the board to gain a novel bookkeeping framework. This over the top weight on the representatives to complete the procedure of establishment of the updated IT framework for bookkeeping may prompt extortion. This infers the workers may take part in false exercises and handle the method of compromise in a disgraceful way and along these lines material misquote. The contextual investigation additionally represents that the inappropriate treatment of the procedure of execution of the usage of the data innovation for the bookkeeping framework prompted despicable allotment of specific exchanges around the finish of the year. This thusly may prompt misfortune because of material misquote and misrepresentation risk. Another misrepresentation risk that may happen incorporates the risks of financial detailing extortion. When there is intemperate desire from outside lenders to proclaim particular financial declarations or else from administration to meet particular execution targets or else to meet certain objectives to fit the bill for procuring obligation, there stays high danger of dishonorable financial declarations. The announcement of financial position of the organization DIPL demonstrates that the income of the organization has expanded over the period 2013 to 2015. What's more, the gross benefit and additionally the net benefit have likewise expanded. Moreover, the present resources and aggregate resources of the enterprise DIPL has likewise heightened. Notwithstanding, the contextual analysis uncovers that amid the year 2015, the organization has procured an advance adding up to 7.5 million especially from BDO Finance. Other than this, the contextual analysis likewise mirrors the way that this specific credit has a particular advance assertion that requires DIPL to keep up a present a present proportion of around 1.5 alongside an obligation value of roughly lower than 1. This demonstrates this prerequisite may pressurize the organization to keep up the financial proportion so they can obtain the credit. Thusly, this may prompt false activities and prompt inappropriate impression of financial position. Basically, disappointment of the organization to keep up the unequivocal benchmarks can again make the organization non-qualified to get fund from BDO Finance. Clarification of the way the risk factors distinguished As indicated by the given case, it can be thusly expressed that procedure of valuation of various crude material stock at especially normal cost was not appropriate since the present cost of paper was impressively over the normal cost. Danger of distinguishing deceitful activities associated with usage of the better IT framework can be completed by observing distinctive exercises at various stages. The danger of financial revealing can be recognized via completing assessment of financial proclamations by auditors, observing control instruments now and again. Reference List Arens, A.A., Elder, R.J., Beasley, M.S. and Hogan, C.E., 2016.Auditing and assurance services. Pearson. Barton, H. and Bruder, N., 2014.A guide to local environmental auditing. Routledge. Beasley, M.S., 2015.Auditing cases: An interactive learning approach. Prentice Hall. Cannon, N. and Bedard, J.C., 2016. Auditing challenging fair value measurements: Evidence from the field.The Accounting Review. DeFond, M. and Zhang, J., 2014. A review of archival auditing research.Journal of Accounting and Economics,58(2), pp.275-326. Duncan, B. and Whittington, M., 2014, September. Compliance with standards, assurance and audit: Does this equal security?. InProceedings of the 7th International Conference on Security of Information and Networks(p. 77). ACM. Eilifsen, A., Messier, W.F., Glover, S.M. and Prawitt, D.F., 2013.Auditing and assurance services. McGraw-Hill. Hayes, R., Wallage, P. and Gortemaker, H., 2014.Principles of auditing: an introduction to international standards on auditing. Pearson Higher Ed. Knechel, W.R. and Salterio, S.E., 2016.Auditing: Assurance and risk. Taylor Francis. Louwers, T.J., Ramsay, R.J., Sinason, D.H., Strawser, J.R. and Thibodeau, J.C., 2015.Auditing assurance services. McGraw-Hill Education. Nalewaik, A. and Mills, A., 2016.Project Performance Review: Capturing the Value of Audit, Oversight, and Compliance for Project Success. CRC Press. William Jr, M., Glover, S. and Prawitt, D., 2016.Auditing and assurance services: A systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Education.

Vodafone Measuring the Success of the Strategy Essay Example

Vodafone Measuring the Success of the Strategy Essay Avoidance brand resulting from the sponsorship. Our Strategy Our business strategy and our CAR strategy are Inseparable. Meeting society needs creates enormous opportunities to grow our business. Expanding our business In emerging markets such as Africa and India Is extending access to communications to people who rarely had the opportunity to use a phone before. And our responsible approach to issues like privacy and content builds trust and grows our customer base in mature markets. CAR strategy Our vision for 2010 is to be one of the most trusted companies in the markets where we operate. Our five year CAR strategy developed in 2005 and continually evolving is designed to help us realize this vision. It sets clear priorities to: Capture the potential of mobile to bring socio-economic value in both emerging economies and developed markets, through broadening access to communications to all sections of society Deliver progress against stakeholder expectations on the key areas of climate change, a safe and responsible Internet experience, and sustainable products and services Ensure our operating standards are of a consistent and appropriate level across the Group. This strategy Is based on our assessment of the key CAR-related opportunities and risks for our business. These are priorities through our issues management and risk assessment. Our brand essence Avoidances brand essence is: Red: For the passion and spirit that drives us. Rock Solid: We are dependable and empathetic. People can trust us. Restless: Were always challenging ourselves to improve. A strong CAR strategy is crucial to our Rock Solid brand essence. It also helps us to live up to our values. Our values We will write a custom essay sample on Vodafone Measuring the Success of the Strategy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Vodafone Measuring the Success of the Strategy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Vodafone Measuring the Success of the Strategy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Our values (or Passions) describe the way Avoidance people are expected to behave within the business: Passion for customers: Our customers have chosen to trust us. In return, we must strive to anticipate and understand their needs and delight them with our service. Passion for our people: Outstanding people working together make Avoidance exceptionally successful. Passion for results: We are action- relented Ana Arleen Dye a easels to De ten Des . T Passion Tort ten world around us: We will help the people of the world to have fuller lives both through the services we provide and through the impact we have on the world around us. In May 2006, we formulated a five point strategy which served us well for more than two years. We have broadly maintained or improved share against our largest or reference competitors in most of our markets and delivered on our key cost targets. We have increased the share of revenue from non-core mobile services from 10% to 15% and we also successfully increased our exposure to higher growth markets. Our dividend policy resulted in an average annual increase of in dividends and our capital structure policy has proved right for the business, particularly in the current market context. However, a number of challenges have evolved. Elasticity on core voice and messaging services remains below one, competitive and regulatory pressures continue to be strong, and recently we have not met our expectations in some markets. We are clearly entering into a more difficult macro economic environment. These factors led the Board to conclude that we should review whether the strategy established in May 2006 remained appropriate for the current environment. The fundamentals of Avoidance and our industry continue to be attractive; the sector leaders continue to be able to generate strong cash flow. In terms of revenue respects, whilst prices are likely to continue to decrease in Europe, the scope for usage growth remains significant, as demonstrated in markets such as the US and India. Mobile data is also proving to be in high demand: effective communications drive productivity benefits, meaning businesses and individuals need more, not less, of our services. A greater range of data devices and portable computers, at increasingly lower costs, are enlarging the addressable market. On the cash cost side, only about a third of our operating costs are fixed, and about a quarter depend on growth in voice minutes and data traffic. We controlled these costs well over the last two years. The remaining component of costs, some 40%, is market driven, providing significant scope for us to adapt in the event of greater economic pressures. Overall, our current European capital intensity of around 10% of revenue already contains a component of investment for growth. Avoidance has three key attributes which strongly differentiate us from our competitors: firstly, our scale in technology with which we continue to drive network and IT savings through consolidation and centralization of core activities; secondly, our strong presence in the enterprise racket, in large corporate as well as in small and medium sized businesses; and finally, our brand, especially in consumer pull markets. Our strategy will now be focused on four key objectives: drive operational performance, pursue growth opportunities in total communications, execute in emerging markets and strengthen capital discipline. We will drive operational performance through customer value enhancement, rather than revenue stimulation, and cost efficiency. Value enhancement involves maximizing the value of our existing customer relationships, not Just the revenue. We ill shift our approach away from unit pricing and unit based tariffs to propositions that deliver much more value to our customers in return for greater commitment, incremental penetration of the account or more balanced commercial costs. This will require a more Oligopolies approach to commercial costs to ensure our Investment Is focused on those customers with higher lifetime value. In essence, we are confident that by targeting our offers, we can deliver more value to our customers and have a better financial outcome for Avoidance. Customer value enhancement replaces revenue stimulation. Cost efficiency requires us to continue to deliver scale benefits through optimization of operating and capital expenditure. We have a significant number of cost programmed across the Group which we expect to reduce current operating costs by approximately El billion per annum by the 2011 financial year to offset the pressures from cost inflation and the competitive environment and to enable investment in revenue growth opportunities. As a result, on a like for like basis, we are targeting broadly stable operating costs in Europe and for operating costs to grow at a lower rate than revenue in MAP between the 2008 and 2011 uncial years. Capital intensity is expected to be at or below 10% over this period in Europe and to trend to European levels in MAP over the longer term. On growth opportunities, the three target areas are Mobile data, Enterprise and Broadband. We have already made significant progress on mobile data, with annelids revenue of E. Billion, but the opportunity remains significant with the penetration of data devices still relatively low in Europe and almost nil in emerging markets. In enterprise, we have a strong position in core mobile services and we have built a lid presence in 18 months in multi-national accounts through Avoidance Global Enterprise. Our strategy is to leverage this strength to expand our offerings into the broader enterprise communications market locally, serving SoHo and Seems with shared platforms and services, supported by our local sales forces. For broadband, we continue to adopt a market by market approach focused on the service, rather than the technology, and targeted at enterprise and high value consumers as a priority. We are already represented in most of the key emerging markets where significant growth is expected in the coming years. Our principal focus now will be on execution in these markets, in particular in India, Turkey and our African footprint following our recent agreement to acquire control of Voodoos. We will also seek to maximize the mobile data opportunity. There are few potential large new markets of interest to us and we will be cautious and selective on future expansion. The final objective is capital discipline. We remain committed to our low single A rating target, which we consider to be appropriate in the current environment, and comfortable with our liquidity position. Our focus is on free cash flow generation and ensuring appropriate investment in our existing businesses. We see increasing dividends as the primary reward to shareholders. Given our credit rating and the current level of cash flow and dividends, this leaves limited debt capacity. We see in-market consolidation as a positive for our industry and we would support consolidation. As previously mentioned, our focus is principally on our existing emerging markets rather than expansion and any significant acquisition would likely need to be funded through portfolio disposals. We remain focused on value creation for our non- controlled assets. Verizon Wireless is one of the leading assets in an attractive market and we are increasingly co-operating on terminals, enterprise and future technology to deliver further value for the Group. Our updated strategy repositions us appropriately in the current environment. We need to improve execution in our excellent Duskinesss Ana allover on our cost targets. We wall pursue growth communications and focus on our existing emerging markets, with only selective and cautious footprint expansion. Finally, we must strengthen our approach to capital discipline. Our priority is free cash flow generation and we will continue to target E lion to E billion of free cash flow per annum, excluding license and spectrum payments and any potential CUFF tax settlement. GOAL INVESTMENT PLANS The planned $2 bin cape in the next two years announced by Avoidance, following the acquisition, may not bring in good results if they want to gain significant market share as its rivals-Breath and Reliance have decided to increase their cape during the fiscal 2007 itself. Reliance may plough in $2. 5 bin in fiscal 2007-08, while around $2. 5 bin could be the investment from Breath Retailer. Avoidances target to achieve 0-25% market share by 2010-11 and market penetration of more than 40% may be realistic.